Malacostraca |
Decapoda |
Penaeidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Benthic; brackish; depth range 0 - 70 m (Ref. 8), usually ? - 27 m (Ref. 8). Tropical; 17°C - 26°C (Ref. 132369), preferred 26°C (Ref. 107945); 36°N - 32°S, 109°W - 34°W
Eastern Central Pacific, Western Atlantic and the Arctic: North Carolina to Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean to Brazil (Ref. 91956), and Mexico to Peru (Ref. 94212), Pacific South America. Tropical to polar.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 1.4, range 1 - 1.75 cm Max length : 17.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8)
Minimum depth range from Ref. 97531. The synonym Xiphopeneus riveti has a reported maximum total length of 17 cm (Ref. 8). Found in muddy and sandy bottoms (Ref. 83922), mainly in marine areas (Ref. 118453) and is also observed to be abundant in river estuaries (Ref. 8) and near-shore waters (Ref. 118455). Temperature range is from Balneário Camboriú, Brazil where the species is caught (Ref. 132369).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the order Decapoda are mostly gonochoric. Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer.
Holthuis, L.B. 1980 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 1. Shrimps and prawns of the world. An annotated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(1):271 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 8)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Fisheries: landings, species profile | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Tools
More information
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 23.1 - 28, mean 25.6 (based on 434 cells).
Resilience
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.53-4.38; tm=0.21).
Prior r = 0.88, 95% CL = 0.58 - 1.32, Based on 6 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability
Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients : Calcium = 109 [35, 184] mg/100g; Iron = 1.59 [1.21, 1.97] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.185, 0.386] g/100g; Selenium = 48.3 [-31.7, 128.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.79 [1.17, 2.40] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
