Main Ref. | Shaw, W.N., 1986 |
Mode | dioecism |
Fertilization | external |
Spawning Frequency | one clear seasonal peak per year |
Batch Spawner | No |
Reproductive Guild |
nonguarders Open water/substratum egg scatterers |
Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Members of the class Bivalvia are mostly gonochoric, some are protandric hermaphrodites. Life cycle: Embryos develop into free-swimming trocophore larvae, succeeded by the bivalve veliger, resembling a miniature clam (Ref. 833). Eggs are discharged through the siphon (Ref. 104667). Spawning: Two periods of high temperature and two spawning peaks may occur in summer due to strong water temperature fluctuations while only one temperature and spawning peak may be expected in a warmer than normal year (Ref. 78182). |
Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |