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References used for species in the Family Phoxichilidiidae
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Arango, C.P., 2002 Morphological phylogenetics of the sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida). Organisms Diversity and Evolution 2(2):119-126.
Arango, C.P., 2003 Sea spiders (Pycnogonida, Arthropoda) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia: new species, new records and ecological annotations. Journal of Natural History 37:2723-2772.
Arango, C.P., 2002 Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis of the sea spiders (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) and taxonomic study of tropical Australian forms. James Cook University.
Arnaud, F., 1974 Pycnogonides récoltés aux Açores par les campagnes 1969 et Biacores 1971. Bulletin Zoölogisch Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam 3 (21):169-187.
Arnaud, F., 1972 Pycnogonids from Madagascar coral reefs, 4 Colossendeidae, Phyxichilidiidae and Endeidae. Thethys. 4(4):953-960.
Arnaud, F., 1973 Les pycnogonides du Golfes de Gascogne (Atlantique Nord-Est). Tethys, 5:147-154.
Arnaud, P.M., 1974 Contribution à la bionomie marine benthique des régions antarctiques et subantarctiques. Téthys 6(3):467-653.
Bakir, A.K., T. Katagan, H.V. Aker, T. Ozcan, M. Sezgin, A.S. Ates, C. Kocak and F. Kirkim, 2014 The marine arthropods of Turkey. Turk. J. Zool. 38:1-67.
Bamber, R.N., 2007 Pycnogonida of New Caledonia. pp. 255-257 In Payri, C.E., Richer de Forges, B. (eds.), Compendium of Marine Species of New Caledonia. Doc. Sci. Tech. II7, seconde édition, IRD Nouméa.
Bamber, R.N., 2009 Sea-spiders. p. 307-312 Wehrtmann, I.S.; Cortés, J. 2009. Marine biodiversity of Costa Rica, Central America. Springer 538pp.
Bamber, R.N., 2004 Pycnogonids (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from French Cruises to Melanesia. Zootaxa 551:1-27.
Bamber, R.N., 2000 Pycnogonids from the French cruises to New caledonia, Fiji, Tahiti and Marquesas. New records and new species. In A. Crosnier (ed.) Résultas des campagnes MUSORSTOM, Vol.21. Mémoires du muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 184:611-625.
Bamber, R.N., 1997 Pycnogonids (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from the Cape D'Aguilar Marine Reserve, Hong Kong. pp. 143-157 In B. Morton (ed.) The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China IV, Proceedings of the Eight International Marine Biological Workshop, Hong Kong, 2-20 April 1995. Hong Kong University Press.
Bamber, R.N., 1992 Some pycogonids from the South China Sea. Asian Marine Biology 9:193-203.
Bamber, R.N., 2002 Bathypelagic pycnogonids (Athropoda: Pycnogonida) from the discovery deep-sea cruises. Journal of Natural History 36:715-727.
Bamber, R.N., 1985 A second Pallenopsis mollissima (Hoek), with other deep water pycnogonids from the Glasgow Museum. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 83:301-306.
Bamber, R.N., 2002 Morphological variation in and a redescription of Pallenopsis (Bathypallenopsis) tritonis Hoek, 1883 (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida). Journal of Natural History.36:157-172.
Bamber, R.N. and A. El Nagar, 2007 Pycnobase: Pycnogonida World Database. Available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/pycnobase/
Bamber, R.N. and M.H. Thurston, 1995 The deep-water pycnogonids (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) of the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 115:117-162.
Bamber, R.N. and M.H. Thurston, 1993 Deep water pycnogonids of the Cape Verde Slope. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 73:837-867.
Bamber, R.N. and Y. Takahashi, 2005 Some littoral sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from Ecuador, with a new species of Anoplodactylus Wilson, 1878 (Phoxichilidiidae). Zootaxa 815:1-8.
Barnard, K.H., 1954 South African Pycnogonida. Annals of the South African Museum. 41 (3):81-158.
Bisby, F.A., M.A. Ruggiero, K.L. Wilson, M. Cachuela-Palacio, S.W. Kimani, Y.R. Roskov, A. Soulier-Perkins and J. van Hertum, 2005 Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2005 Annual Checklist. CD-ROM; Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Bouvier, F., 1923 Pycnogonides. Faune de France 7. Paul Lechevalier, Paris. 69 p.
Child, C.A., 1998 The marine fauna of New Zealand: Pycnogonida (sea spiders). NIWA Biodiversity Memoire 109. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA). Washington, D.C. 20530, USA. 71 p. + Figure 2A-G, 3A-F, 4, 5.
Child, C.A., 1991 Pycnogonida of the Western Pacific Islands, IX. A shallow-water Guam survey, 1984. Proceedings of Biological Society of Washington 104:138-146.
Child, C.A., 1996 The Pycnogonida types of William A. Hilton. II. The remaining undescribed species. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 109(4):677-686.
Child, C.A., 1992 Shallow-water Pycnogonida of Gulf of Mexico. Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises 9:1-86. Florida Department Natural Resources, Bureau of Marine Resources, Jan. 1992.
Child, C.A., 2009 Pycnogonida and Xiphosura (Cheliceriformes) of the Gulf of Mexico. pp. 815-820 In Felder, D.L.; Camp, D.K. (eds.) Gulf of Mexico - Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas.
Child, C.A., 1995 Antarctic and subantarctic Pycnogonida, IV. The families Pycnogonidae, Phoxichilidiidae, Endeidae, and Callipallenidae, including the genus Pallenopsis. Antarctic Research (Series 69, Biology of the Antarctic Seas) 24:112-165.
Child, C.A., 1988 Pycnogonida of the Western Pacific Islands, III: Recent Smithsonian-Philippine Expeditions. Smithsonian Contribution to Zoology No. 468. Smithsonian Instition Press. Washington, DC. 32 p. + Figure 1 -3.
Child, C.A., 2002 Some Pycnogonida from the Easter (Hasa) disctrict of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Natural History 36:1805-1821.
Child, C.A., 2004 Some Pycnogonida from the Western Caribbean with descriptions of three new species. Bull. Mar. Sci. 74(1):143-161.
Child, C.A., 1982 Pycnogonida from Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. In Rützler, K. and Macintyr, I. G. 1982. The Atlantic Barrier Reef Ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, I: Structure and Communities. Smithsonian Contributions to Marine Science 12:355-380. 539pp.
Child, C.A., 1998 Pycnogonida of the Western Pacific islands, XIV. A shallow-water collection from Tonga. Species Diversity 3:289-300.
Child, C.A., 1979 Shallow water Pycnogonida of the Isthmus of Panama and the coasts of Middle America. Smithsonian Contribution to Zoology 292:1-86.
Child, C.A., 1992 Pycnogonida of the Southeast Pacific Biological Oceanographic Project (SEPBOP). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 526:1-43.
Child, C.A., 1990 Pycnogonida of the Western Pacific Islands VIII. Recent collections from islands of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 103:311-335.
Child, C.A., 1988 Pycnogonida from Aldabra Atoll. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington 8:45-78.
Child, C.A., 1994 Deep-sea Pycnogonida from the temperate west coast of the United States. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 556:1-23.
Child, C.A., 1995 Pycnogonida of the Western Pacific Islands XI. Collections from the Aleutians and other Bering Sea islands, Alaska. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 569:1-33.
Child, C.A. and G.R. Harbison, 1986 A parasitic association between a pycnogonid and a scyphomedusa in midwater. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 66:113-117.
Clark, W.C., 1972 Pycnogonida of the Snares Islands. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5:427-452.
Cole, L.J., 1901 Notes on the habits of pycnogonids. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole Marine Biology Laboratory) 2(5):195-207.
Cole, L.J., 1906 Feeding habits of the pycnogonid Anoplodactylus lentus. Zool. Anz. 26:740-741.
Dahl, L., 2002 Temporal, spatial and substrate dependent variations of Danish hard-bottom macrofauna. Helgol Mar Res 56:159-168.
de Haro, A., 1978 Ecological distribution of pycnogonids on the Catalan coast. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 63(1/2):181-196.
Dietz, L., J.S. Domel, F. Leese, T. Lehmann and R.R. Melzer, 2018 Feeding ecology in sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida): what do we know? Frontiers in Zoology 15(1):7.
Dogiel, V., 1911 A short account of work on Pycnogonida done during June, 1911 at Cullercoats. Northumberland Seafisheries Commission, Report on Scientific Investigation. 1910-1911:26-27.
Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp, 2009 Gulf of Mexico origin, waters, and biota. Volume 1, Biodiversity. USA: Texas A&M University Press. 1393 p.
Fox, R.S. and E.E. Ruppert, 1985 Shallow-water marine benthic invertebrates of South Carolina: Species identificattion, community composition and symbiotic association. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, SC (USA).
Garilao, N., 2014 Baltic Sea species list. Personal communication, 25 April 2014. Provided excel file.
Giltay, L., 1928 Note sur les pycnogonides de la Belgique. Bulletin Annuel de la Société d'Entomologie Belgique 68:193-229.
Harms, J., 1993 Check list of species (algae, invertebrates and vertebrates) found in the vicinity of the island of Helgoland (North Sea, German Bight) - a review of recent records. Helgoländer Meeresunters 47:1-34.
Häussermann, V. and G. Försterra, 2009 Marine benthic fauna of Chilean Patagonia. Santiago, Nature in Focus. 1000 p.
HELCOM, 2012 Checklist of Baltic Sea macro-species. Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No. 130, 206p.
Helfer, H. and E. Schlottke, 1935 Pantapoda. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs, 5(4)(2):1-314.
Hibberd, T. and K. Moore, 2009 Field identification guide to Heard Island and McDonald Islands benthic invertebrates: a guide for scientific observers aboard fishing vessels. Kingston, Tas. : Australian Antarctic Division and Fisheries Research and Development Corporation (Australia), 152 p.
Hilton, W.A., 1934 Notes on parasitic pycnogonids. J. Ent. Zool. (Pomona Coll.) 26(4):57.
Hogg, O.T., D.K.A. Barnes and H.J. Griffiths, 2011 Highly diverse, poorly studied and uniquely threatened by climate change: an assessment of marine biodiversity on South Georgia's continental shelf. PLoS ONE 6(5):e19795.
King, P.E., 1973 Pycnogonids. Hutchinson of London. London, UK. 144 p.
Krapp, F., 2007 Pycnogonids (updating van der Land). Personal communication October 2007.
Lebour, M.V., 1947 Notes on the cuticle of Pycnogonida. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 26:139-165.
León, T.M., 2001 A new species of Ammothea (Pycnogonida) and other pycnogonids from Livingston Island and surrounding waters (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica). Antarc. Sci. 13 (2):144-149.
Macdonald, T.A., B.J. Burd, V.I. Macdonald and A. van Roodselaar, 2010 Taxonomic and feeding guild classification for the marine benthic macroinvertebrates of the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2874:62p.
MarineSpecies.org, 2050 MarineSpecies.org. http://www.marinespecies.org/index.php
Mauchline, J., 1984 Pycnogonids caught in bathypelagic samples from the Rockall Trough, northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Natural History. 18:315-322.
Melzer, R.R., M. Schrödl, V. Häussermann, G. Försterra and M.F.M. Bravo, 2006 Pycnogonids on cnidarians at fjord Comau, Southern Chile: A report on 2005 SCUBA collections. Spixiana 29(3):237-242.
Miyazaki, K., 2002 On the shape of foregut lumen in sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82:1037-1038.
Müller, H.-G., 1993 World catalogue and bibliography of the recent Pycnogonida. Wissenschaftlicher Verlag, Laboratory for Tropical Ecosystems Research & Information Service: Wetzlar. 388 p.
Munilla, T., 2000 A new species of Ammothea and other pycnogonids from around Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Antarc. Sci. 12:47-51.
Munilla, T. and A. Soler-Membrives, 2015 Pycnogonida from the Bellingshausen and Amundsen seas: taxonomy and biodiversity. Polar Biology 38(3):413-430.
Munilla, T. and A.S. Membrives, 2009 Check-list of the pycnogonids from Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters: zoogeographic implications. Antarc. Sci. 21(2):99-111.
Murray, J., 1896 On the deep and shallow-water marine fauna of the Kerguelen region of the Great Southern Ocean. Challenger Expedition 343-500 p.
Nakamura, K. and C.A. Child, 1991 Pycnogonida of waters adjacent to Japan. In Child, C.A. (ed.) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Pycnogonida (Sea Spiders). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 109. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA). Washington, D.C. 20530, USA. 71 p.
Nakamura, K. and C.A. Child, 1988 Pycnogonida of the Western Pacific Islands, Iv. On some species from the Ryukyu Island. Proceedings of the biological Society of Washington 101:662-670.
Nakamura, K. and C.A. Child, 1988 Pycnogonida of the Western Pacific Islands, V. Collection of the Kakuyo Maru from Samoa. Proceedings of the biological society of Washington 103(2):304-310.
National Ocean Service., 2050 Coral cap species of Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary. Accessed online from http://flowergarden.noaa.gov/ on 9 December 2013.
O'Connor, M., C. Hawkins and D. K. Loomis, 2008 A manual of previously recorded non-indigenous invasive and native transplanted animal species of the Laurentian Great Lakes and coastal United States. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 77, 82 pp.
OBIS, 2015 Anoplodactylus pycnosoma (Helfer, 1938). OBIS Search Interface. http://www.iobis.org/mapper/ [Accessed 6/17/2015].
OBIS, 2015 Anoplodactylus typhloides Stock, 1991. OBIS Search Interface. http://www.iobis.org/mapper/ [Accessed 6/25/2015].
OBIS, 2015 Anoplodactylus cribellatus Calman, 1923. OBIS Search Interface. http://www.iobis.org/mapper/ [Accessed 6/25/2015].
OBIS, 2015 Pallenopsis dentifera Stock, 1983. OBIS Search Interface. http://www.iobis.org/mapper/ [Accessed 6/25/2015].
OBIS, 2015 Phoxichilidium forfex Stock, 1991. OBIS Search Interface. http://www.iobis.org/mapper/ [Accessed 6/25/2015].
OBIS, 2015 Phoxichilidium tuberculatum Stock, 1991. OBIS Search Interface. http://www.iobis.org/mapper/ [Accessed 6/25/2015].
Raiskii, A.K. and E.P. Turpaeva, 2006 Deep-sea pycnogonids from the North Atlantic their distribution in the world ocean. Okeanologiya 46(1):63-68.
Reef Life Survey, 2012 Reef Life Survey. http://reeflifesurvey.com/
Ricketts, E.F. and J. Calvin, 1960 Between Pacific Tides. Stanford Univeristy Press, Stanford, California. 684 p.
Roberts, D., 1981 Pycnogonids from Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland. Irish Naturalists' Journal (Belfast) 20(5):189-192.
Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004 Invertebrate Zoology. A functional evolutionary approach. 7th Ed. Brooks/Cole, Thomson Learning learning, Inc. 990 p.
Smithsonian Institution, 2015 Anoplodactylus pycnosoma (Helfer). http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09pycnosoma [Accessed 01/15/2015].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Anoplodactylus pygmaeus (Hodge). http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09pygmaeus [Accessed 08/03/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Anoplodactylus simulator Stock. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09simulator [Accessed 08/04/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Anoplodactylus stri Child. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09stri [Accessed 08/04/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Anoplodactylus trispinosus Stock. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09trispinosus [Accessed 08/04/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Anoplodactylus tubiferus (Haswell). http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09tubiferus [Accessed 04/18/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Anoplodactylus typhlops Sars. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09typhlops [Accessed 08/04/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Anoplodactylus allotrius Child. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09allotrius [Accessed 08/03/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Anoplodactylus arcuatus Child. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09arcuatus [Accessed 08/03/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Anoplodactylus bahamensis Child. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09bahamensis [Accessed 08/03/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2015 Anoplodactylus batangensis (Helfer). http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09batangensis [Accessed 01/15/2015].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Anoplodactylus dauphinus Child, 1992. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09dauphinus [Accessed 08/03/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Anoplodactylus evelinae Marcus. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09evelinae [Accessed 08/03/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Anoplodactylus galetensisChild. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09galetensis [Accessed 08/03/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Anoplodactylus imswe Child. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09imswe [Accessed 08/03/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Anoplodactylus insigniformis Stock. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09insigniformis [Accessed 08/03/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Anoplodactylus insignis (Hoek, 1881). http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09insignis [Accessed 08/03/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Anoplodactylus iuleus Stock. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09iuleus [Accessed 08/03/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Anoplodactylus jonesi Child. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09jonesi [Accessed 08/03/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Anoplodactylus maritimus Hodgson. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09maritimus [Accessed 08/03/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Anoplodactylus massiliformis Stock. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09massiliformis [Accessed 08/03/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Anoplodactylus monotrema Stock. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09monotrema [Accessed 08/03/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Anoplodactulys multiclavus Child. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09multiclavus [Accessed 08/03/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Anoplodactylus pharus Stock. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Anoplodactylus%09pharus [Accessed 08/03/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Pallenopsis candidoi Mello-Leitao. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Pallenopsis%09candidoi [Accessed 08/04/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Pallenopsis longirostris Wilson. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Pallenopsis%09longirostris [Accessed 08/04/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2016 Pallenopsis schmitti Hedgpeth. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Pallenopsis%09schmitti [Accessed 08/04/2016].
Smithsonian Institution, 2015 Pallenopsis virgata Loman. http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=Pallenopsis%09virgata [Accessed 01/15/2015].
Southern Ocean Mollusc Database (SOMBASE), 2011 British Antarctic Survey, SOMBASE. Accessed through GBIF data portal, http://data.gbif.org/datasets/resource/66, 2011-07-15.
Stephensen, K., 1933 Pycnogonida, The Godthaab Expedition, 1928. Meddelelser om Grønland 79:1-46.
Stock, J.H., 1994 Indo-West Pacific Pycnogonida collected by some major oceanographic expiditions. p. 24. In Child, C. A. (ed.) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Pycnogonida (Sea Spiders). NIWA Bioderversity Memior 109. National Institute of Water and atmospheric Research (NIWA). )Washington, D.C. 20530, USA. 71 p.
Stock, J.H., 1981 Abyssal Pycnogonida from the Walvis Basin, Southern Atlantic. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 21:453-471.
Stock, J.H., 1968 Pycnogonida collected by the Galathea and Anton Bruun in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening I (Kjobenhavn) 131:7-65.
Stock, J.H., 1978 Abyssal Pycnogonida from the north eastern Atlantic Basin, Part I. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 19:397-413.
Stock, J.H., 1974 Medio- and infralittoral Pycnogonida collected during the I.I.O.E. near the landbase on Nossi-Bé, Madagascar. Bulletin Zoölogisch Museum (Universiteit van Amsterdam) 4(3):11-22.
Stock, J.H., 1997 Pycnogonida collected in recent years around New Caledonia and Vanuatu. In A. Crosnier (ed.) Résultas des campagnes MUSORSTOM, Vol.21. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris, Série A) 176:389-409.
Stock, J.H., 1991 Deep-water Pycnogonida from the surroundings of New caledonia. In A. Crosnier (ed.) Résultas des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, Vol. 8. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Historie Naturelle (Paris, Série A) 151:213-228.
Stock, J.H., 1964 Deep-sea Pycnogonida collected by the Cirrus in the north Atlantic. Beufortia 11:45-52.
Stock, J.H., 1954 Pycnogonida from Indo-West Pacific, Australian and New Zealand waters. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914-1916. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening I (Kjobenhavn) 116:1-168.
Stock, J.H., 1984 Deep-water Pycnogonida of the Incal, Biogas, Geomanche and Safari cruises. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 64:743-749.
Stock, J.H., 1955 Pycnogonida from the West Indies, Central America and Pacific coasts of North America. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914-1916. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening I (Kjøbenhavn) 117:209-266.
Stock, J.H., 1987 Faunistic transit between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean: the deep-water Pycnogonida. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 28:505-519.
Stock, J.H., 1963 Israel South Red Sea Expedition 1962, Report no. 3: Pycnogonida. Bulletin of Sea Fisheries Research (Sta. Haifa.) 35:27-34.
Tirado-Sanchez, N., 2014 CDF Checklist of Galapagos sea spiders - FCD Lista de especies de Arañas de mar Galápagos. In Bungartz, F.; Herrera, H.;Jaramillo, P.; Tirado, N.; Jiménez-Uzcátegui, G.; Ruiz, D.; Guézou, A.; Ziemmeck, F. (eds) Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galápagos de la Fundación Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundación Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos.
Turpaeva, E.P., 1991 Pantapoda (Pycnogonida) from the shelf of south-eastern Africa and surrounding waters. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 70:33-43.
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Venier, J., 1996 Balancing the Strait of Georgia model. p. 74-80. In D. Pauly and V. Christensen (eds.) Mass-balance models of North-eastern Pacific ecosystems. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 1996 4(1):131 p.
Walker, A.J.M. and E.I.S. Rees, 1980 Benthic ecology of Dublin Bay in relation to sludge dumping. Ir. Fish. Invest. Ser. B. 22:1-59.