Ecology Summary - Phalium areola

Ecology Summary - Phalium areola

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Ecology of Phalium areola

Main Ref.	Poutiers, J.M., 1998
Remarks	Also found in shallow subtidal waters (Ref. 349). Feeds on sand dollars (Ref. 799).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Phalium areola may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: sand;
Substrate Ref.	Springsteen, F.J. and F.M. Leobrera, 1986
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.	Poutiers, J.M., 1998
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type
Feeding type Ref.
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	3.51	0.15			Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item
Ref.

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