| Main Ref. | Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993 | 
|---|---|
| Remarks | Found in deep waters, mostly seaward of the continental slope. Feeds on squid, fish, sea cucumbers, starfish, and prawns on or near the bottom. | 
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies | 
						
						
						
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. | 
| Ref. | Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993 | 
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism | 
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) | 
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993 | 
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) | 
| Feeding habit Ref. | Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993 | 
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 4.50 | 0.37 | Troph of juv./adults. | ||
| From individual food items | 4.47 | 0.44 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Santos, M.B., G.J. Pierce, G. Smeenk, M.J. Addink, C.C. Kinze, S. Tougaard and J. Herman, 2001 | ||||