| Main Ref. | Vereshchaka, A.L., 1990 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Cosmopolitan (Ref. 321). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | Pelagic; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Pérez Farfante, I. and B. Kensley, 1997 |
| Special habitats | Other habitats: seamounts; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Vereshchaka, A.L., 1990 |
| Ref. | Hendrickx, M.E. and F.D. Estrada-Navarrete, 1989 |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | |
| Feeding habit | |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.69 | 0.53 | Troph of juv./adults. | ||
| From individual food items | 3.84 | 0.42 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Hopkins, T.L., M.E. Flock, J.V. Gartner and J.J. Torres, 1994 | ||||