Ecology Summary - Penaeus semisulcatus

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Ecology of Penaeus semisulcatus

Main Ref.	Holthuis, L.B., 1980
Remarks	Occurs on mud, sandy-mud or sandy-grit substrates (Ref. 10), seagrass, mangrove and among shells (Ref. 121467). Prefers marine (adults) and estuarine (juveniles) environments in subtropical and tropical climates (Ref. 8). Forms small shoals. Predominantly nocturnal and buries in substrate during day time (Ref. 10). Postlarvae settle exclusively in seagrass beds (Ref. 84594); Juveniles also seek refuge in seagrass beds (Ref. 106924). Feeds on seagrass (Ref. 84594), diatoms, algae, (Ref. 104907), bivalves, gastropods, ophiuroids, crustaceans and polychaetes (Ref. 104903).

Main Ref.

Holthuis, L.B., 1980

Remarks

Occurs on mud, sandy-mud or sandy-grit substrates (Ref. 10), seagrass, mangrove and among shells (Ref. 121467). Prefers marine (adults) and estuarine (juveniles) environments in subtropical and tropical climates (Ref. 8). Forms small shoals. Predominantly nocturnal and buries in substrate during day time (Ref. 10). Postlarvae settle exclusively in seagrass beds (Ref. 84594); Juveniles also seek refuge in seagrass beds (Ref. 106924). Feeds on seagrass (Ref. 84594), diatoms, algae, (Ref. 104907), bivalves, gastropods, ophiuroids, crustaceans and polychaetes (Ref. 104903).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Penaeus semisulcatus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: mobile; endofauna (infauna); Soft Bottom: sand; mud;
Substrate Ref.	del Mundo, C.M., 2000
Special habitats	Beds: sea grass;
Special habitats Ref.	Hajisamae, S. and P. Yeesin, 2014

Associations

Ref.	Holthuis, L.B., 1980
Associations	parasitism; shoaling;
Associated with	ciliate Epistylis niagarae (Ref. 104974) and the isopod Epipenaeon ingens (Ref. 124798).
Association remarks
Parasitism	inside host (Found attached to the gills and appendages (Ref. 104974).)

feeding

Feeding type	plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79)
Feeding type Ref.	Wassenberg, T.J. and B.J. Hill, 1987
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	2.92	0.21			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.

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