Main Ref. | Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen, 1984 |
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Remarks | Oceanic and elusive. Has little interaction with the bottom (Ref. 106095). Mainly feeds on osteichthyes, followed by crustaceans (natantian), and occasionally on cephalopods. Bases their diet on pelagic nictemeral migrators (Ref. 106992). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Pelagic; |
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Substrate Ref. | Judkins, H.L.M., M. Vecchione and C.F.E. Roper, 2009 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen, 1984 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Quetglas, A., A. de Mesa, F. Ordines and A. Grau, 2010 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Quetglas, A., A. de Mesa, F. Ordines and A. Grau, 2010 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.16 | 0.63 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |