Ecology Summary - Diomedea exulans

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Ecology of Diomedea exulans

Main Ref.	SAUP Database, 2006
Remarks	Oceanic; predominantly offshore over waters >1000m depth (Ref. 89480). Breeds in loose colonies on grassy headlands and plateaux of oceanic islands. Follows ships (Ref. 91362). Feeds by scavenging and surface seizing (Ref. 89480). They have highly acidic stomachs (<2) pH that allows rapid digestion (Ref. 104317).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Diomedea exulans may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.	Harrison, P., 1987
Associations	colony-forming/symphorism;
Associated with
Association remarks	Breeds in loose colonies.
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Croxall, J.P. and P.A. Prince, 1996
Feeding habit	variable
Feeding habit Ref.	Croxall, J.P. and P.A. Prince, 1996

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition	4.58	0.34			Troph of adults.
From individual food items	4.38	0.57			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Cherel, Y., C.-A. Bost, C. Guinet and H. Weimerskirch, 2005