Ecology Summary - Malleus malleus

Language:

Ecology of Malleus malleus

Main Ref.	Poutiers, J.M., 1998
Remarks	Byssally attached to hard objects, on reef flats, coarse coral sand or eelgrass areas. The shell is vertically disposed and partly buried in sediment, with the long dorsal ears acting as an anchor and the ventral quarter of valves exposed. Sublittoral. Often occurring in large colonies (Ref. 348).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Malleus malleus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: sessile; Soft Bottom: sand ( coarse, ); mud; Hard Bottom;
Substrate Ref.	Sotto, F.B. and R. von Cosel, 1982
Special habitats	Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs: reef flats;
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.	Poutiers, J.M., 1998
Associations	colony-forming/symphorism;
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19)
Feeding type Ref.	Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004
Feeding habit	filtering plankton
Feeding habit Ref.	Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items
Ref.