Main Ref. | van der Have, T.M., G.O. Keijl, J. Mansoori and V.V. Morozov, 2002 |
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Remarks | Non-breeding individuals may frequent inland flooded grasslands and the silty shores of rivers and lakes. It is largely coastal during the winter, residing on rocky, muddy and sandy beaches, salt marshes, tidal mudflats, saline and freshwater coastal lagoons and tidal estuaries. Non-breeding individuals feed on insects, spiders, annelids, molluscs, crustaceans, and occasionally small fish and tadpoles (Ref. 107893). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Birdlife International, 2016 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Birdlife International, 2016 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.85 | 0.47 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |