Main Ref. | Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen, 1984 |
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Remarks | Occurs near the seafloor and in pelagic waters (Ref. 102863). Reported to feed on benthic fish, echinoderms and a pleustonic jellyfish (Ref. 98552). Predators include sperm whales, shark and fur seals (Ref. 102863). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Pelagic; |
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Substrate Ref. | Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen, 1984 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen, 1984 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Hoving, H.J.T., J.A.A. Perez, K.S.R. Bolstad, H.E. Braid, A.B. Evans, D. Fuchs, H. Judkins, J.T. Kelly, J.E.A.R. Marian, R. Nakajima, U. Piatkowski, A. Reid, M. Vecchione, J.C.C. Xavier, 2014 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Hoving, H.J.T., J.A.A. Perez, K.S.R. Bolstad, H.E. Braid, A.B. Evans, D. Fuchs, H. Judkins, J.T. Kelly, J.E.A.R. Marian, R. Nakajima, U. Piatkowski, A. Reid, M. Vecchione, J.C.C. Xavier, 2014 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.03 | 0.37 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |