Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Laridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Others; freshwater. Tropical
Western Central Atlantic and Northeast Pacific:
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 36.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8812); max. published weight: 212.00 g (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 2.99 cm; tarsus: 3.175 cm; wing: 26.3 cm.
Total Length: 18 to 21 cm; Wingspan: 30 to 33 cm (Ref. 8812). Estuarine. Found on bay and nearshore (Ref. 116102). Surface seizing; dipping; coastal (Ref. 356). A surface nester, usually builds nest in trees. One of the few species that nest and forage in inland habitats, and move to the coast during non-breeding season. Colonial; distance between pairs may be >100m but nest sites still clumped with many other suitable nesting areas unutilized. Vulnerable to oil spill as a piscivore; saw 50% decline in population from 1989 in Prince William Sound after the Exxon Valdez oil spill (Ref. 87784).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Lepage, D. 2007. (Ref. 7816)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
