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Camarodonta |
Echinidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
; kisaran kedalaman 450 - 2081 m (Ref. 84841). Polar
Antarctic.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Maximum depth from Ref. 116836.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Members of the class Echinoidea are gonochoric. Fertilization is external. Brooding is common, eggs are held either on the peristome, around the periproct or deep into the concavities on the petaloids. Life cycle: Embryos develop into planktotrophic larvae (echinoplateus) and live for several months before they sink to the bottom using their tube feet to adhere on the ground where they metamorphose into young urchins.
rujukan utama
Acuan | Koordinator | mitra
Gutt, J., I. Barratt, E. Domack, C. d'Udekem d'Acoz, W. Dimmler, A. Gremare, O. Heilmayer, E. Isla, D. Janussen, E. Jorgensen, K.H. Kock, L.S. Lehnert, P. Lopez-Gonzales, S. Langner, K. Linse, M.E. Manjon-Cabeza and M. Meißner. 2011. (Ref. 87520)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
status CITES (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
| FishSource |
Alat, peralatan
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): -1.6 - 1.3, mean 0.4 (based on 284 cells).
Daya lenting
sangat rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum lebih dari 14 tahun (K=0.02).
keancaman
Very high vulnerability (89 of 100).
kategori harga
Unknown.